Biomarkers association and their predictive value in SARS-CoV-2-infected hospitalized patients at a tertiary health care center

This study investigated the association and predictive value of biomarkers in hospitalized patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Coronavirus disease (COVID) infection has been linked to a significant hyperinflammatory immune response described as a 'cytokine storm,' which results in organ deterioration and damage. Several studies have shown that cytokine levels, notably interleukin 6, can be used as indicators of COVID-19 disease severity. This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in DMIMS Medical College, Sawangi-Meghe, Wardha, from March 2020 to April 2020. The study population was confirmed adult cases of COVID-19 admitted to the hospital during the study period. A positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or rapid antigen test from a nasopharyngeal swab or other respiratory sample was defined as a confirmed SARS-CoV-2 case. A purposive sampling technique was used and a total of 100 study subjects were enrolled for the study. Our study discovered a link between hematological, coagulation, and inflammatory indicators and infection severity. However, whether these indicators have a mechanistic or causative role in illness progression has to be investigated further. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.

Airway Management in Covid 19 Patients

BACKGROUND:- Those who work with COVID-19 patients airways are especially vulnerable. We present an empirical bit-by-bit strategy in order to guard in-hospital airway treatment of individual along COVID-19 disease, whether they are suspected or confirmed. The COVID-19 patient's airway care raises the danger of HCW exposure. Challenging extubation takes more time and might even entail many treatments with both the possibility for aerosolization, therefore rigorous attention to personal protective equipment (PPE) regulations is required to keep clinicians safe. Whenever an patient's airway risk evaluation indicates that awake tracheal intubation is the best option, therapies that produce greater secretion aerosolization should have been prevented. For decrease the chances of hypoxemia, optimal preoxygenation with a tight sealed facial mask might well be conducted beforehand to initiation. AMBU Bag during initiation should be avoided unless the patient experiences O2 depletion. Patients must be fully sedated with complete muscular relaxation for such best intubating circumstances. As a first-line technique for airway management, video laryngoscopy be suggested. If urgent invasive airway access is available, we advocate using a surgical approach like scalpelbougie-tube instead of an aerosolizing producing treatment like transtracheal jet ventilation. Invasive mechanical ventilation for individuals with COVID-19 necessitates tracheal intubation. The researchers wanted to characterise immediate intubation procedures, assess success rates & problems, and see if there was any difference in practise and results among high- and low-income nations. The researchers hypothesized that geographical & operational variables influence effective emergency airway care amongst COVID-19 patients. METHODS:- Among March 23, 2020, as well as October 24, 2020, the researchers conducted a prospective interpretive research project that would include 4,476 case of emergencies tracheal intubation done by 1,722 healthcare professionals from 607 institutions throughout 32 nation in patients of suspected or confirmed COVID-19 who required mechanical ventilation. The researchers looked into the links among intubation & operators factors, as well as the key result of first-trail success. CONCLUSIONS:- Incidence of unsuccessful tracheal intubation as well as emergency surgical airway among COVID-19 patients who required emergency airway care were reported, as well as characteristics linked to enhanced efficacy. While treating COVID-19, the chances for tracheal intubation failures must be evaluated. © The Electrochemical Society

Modes of Transmission of Novel Corona Virus (NCov)

BACKGROUND:- The global breakout in the new SARS-Coronavirus 2 have prompted many interrogations concerning this virus's origins & spread. The already stated information of the modes based on transferal also measuring the efficacy in regards to prophylactic estimates will support within limiting this COVID-19 upsurge. SARS-Coronavirus-2 transmission mechanisms have now been identified as respiratory droplets, physical contact and airborne. On the other hand researchers are looking into some of the other possible modes of transmission with some studies showing that the virus spreads through feces-oral, conjunctival secretion(eyes), sexual transmission, mother-to-fetal transmission, surface contact, saliva and asymptomatic carriers. The major goal of this review is to gain a better understanding of SARS-Coronavirus-2 transmission in addition to make exhortation for consist of along with avoiding the novel coronavirus. From its very beginning in Wuhan, China in December 2019, SARS CoV-2 has afflicted more than 31 million people worldwide, resulting in even more than 2 million fatalities. The world continues to be in the dark about a definite therapy for this extremely communicable diseases. Until then, we must depend on tried-and-true techniques to slow or prevent the spread of this viral disease, such as social withdrawal, hand cleanliness, and using a facial mask. OBJECTIVE:- The main goal of that kind of review article would be to focus on various methods of virus infection, comparisons of that kind of virus to similar past equivalency viral diseases including SARS and MERS, & multiple approaches which can be scheduled but are currently being implemented to minimize spread of contagious diseases in organizational citizenship, particularly in India. RESULTS:- According to an examination of many publications on route of transmission, the virus is very infectious and transmits by air droplets, frequent connection, and several conductive materials, and aerosol in the environment with high aerosol producing processes. It could also expand from both the uncomplicated and complicated phases, thus earlier detection is critical. This also mutates in diverse host conditions, thus various strains must be used in vaccine manufacturing. CONCLUSIONS:- Advance identification, social distance, quarantine or positive patients, and pulmonary hygiene are the major weaponry now known to cope with this virus until a suitable therapy or vaccination becomes available very soon, according to the findings. © The Electrochemical Society

The Novel Virus: Covid-19

In December 2019, a very fatal and highly communicable viral disease emerged in Wuhan city of China, and within a spam of few days it was spread globally and become a global threat, hence it is termed as a pandemic situation in certain place. This viral infection is termed as Covid- 19 or the novel corona virus. It was named 'corona virus' because it is genetically related to SARS virus, because of which it is also called as SARS COV-2. After the analysis and study of this virus, it was considered to be originated from bats, because SARS COV-2 is phylogenetically related to bat virus. Bats is considered as primary spreader of this virus, but the source of transmission of the virus in humans is unknown. The mode of the transmission of this disease by the respiratory droplets which contaminated to surface. Normally this disease shows some minor symptoms like fever, fatigue, dyspnea, cough etc, but in case of improper precautionary measures it may become fatal to health. This diseases may turn deadly for the people with comorbidities and may cause other gives diseases like the pneumonia, aacute respiratory diseases syndromie and therefore affects on ability of person to breathe which leads the patients to being put on Ventilators. The incubation period of this diseases range from 5-14 days or more. Till now there is no clinically approved antiviral drug available to be used in treatment of covid-19, however there are some drugs evaluated against this virus in clinical trials which had resulted in recovery of conditions in this. However, there is also availability of vaccines which had shown very good results. With the lives of people this novel virus had also an deep impact on many other thing such as Business, Jobs, Education, Tourism etc. This novel virus had affected each and every aspects related to human life and had brought many changes in the daily life of peoples. In the second most populated country, India this virus had shown very deep impacts, the mortality rate is increasing very fastly day by the day. Government of the India had adopted many ways and precautions to put an end on this pandemic. Lockdown is one of the major and important step taken by Indian Government and with this to reduce the public movement Section- 144 was also implemented in many states. Still many approaches are being done for developing vaccinations and therapeutic combinations to deal with this viral outbreak. © The Electrochemical Society

Structure Of Corona Virus

Background: Coronavirus illness is a new pathological ailment that is sweeping the world. Sars (severe acute respiratory syndrome) the virus that causes it is coronavirus 2. (sars-cov-2). The sars-spike cov-2 protein (s) has two subtypes: s1 and s2.it is vital to the recognition of receptors and the fusion of biological membranes that the (s) component of the sars-spike cov-2 influenza is present. Covalent coupling of the transcription factor domain of the s1 component to the host ligand binding of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 allows it to function, whereas the s2 subunit's two-helix recurring domain enhances the attachment of the virus to cells. In this appraisal, we high spot topical expansions in the edifice, function, and advance of antiviral medications that target the s protein. There has been an explosion of viruses that have been creating a new beginning in recent years such as coronaviruses (covs). Human and animal hosts have been infected with these pathogens, causing disorders that range from upper respiratory tract infections in humans to encephalitis and demyelination in animals, which are all potentially life-threatening. From across the world, they've killed many people and animals, and caused havoc in the healthcare system. The current threat from coronaviruses (covs) is among the most horrifying illnesses. They've infected a wide range of human and animal hosts, instigating diseases that assortment from upper respiratory infections in humans to encephalitis and demyelination in animals, all of which are potentially lethal. They've killed a lot of people and animals, and they've caused a lot of health problems all around the world. Result:- It's vital to create new tactics to avert or switch coronavirus infections, as well as a better understanding of their biology, replication, and pathogenesis. As a result, we used experimental and computational research to characterise the structure and functions of covs proteins in this review. Conclusion:- This knowledge might principal to a better sympathetic of cov proteins' roles in virus repetition and transcription, as well as the development of novel antivirals. © The Electrochemical Society

A Case of Pleural Effusion Secondary to Covid-19

Normal radiological discoveries of Covid 19 disease incorporate reciprocal ground glass opacities in lower flaps with a fringe circulation. Pleural radiation is viewed as an uncommon indication of Covid 19 contamination. Pleural effusion can be divided into transudative & exudative pleural effusions. Transudative pleural effusion occurs due to cirrhosis, heart failure, post open heart surgery & pulmonary embolism whereas an exudative pleural effusion are triggered by pulmonary bacterial pneumonia or tuberculosis, cancer, inflammatory disorders such as pancreatitis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, post-cardiac injury syndrome, chylothorax (due to lymphatic obstruction), hemothorax (blood in the pleural space), and benign asbestos pleural effusion. This two types of pleural effusion can be identified by measurement of the pleural fluid protein and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH). When the patient's serum total protein is normal but the pleural fluid protein is less than 25g/L, the fluid is classified as a transudate. The fluid is an exudate if the protein content of the pleural fluid is greater than 35g/L.We'll look at the case of a 55-years-old male farmer with complains of breathlessness, cough, fever and left sided chest pain since 3 weeks. He had a history of Covid 19 Positive status 1 month back for which he took medications based on Covid 19 guidelines and HRCT score was 12/25. High amounts of C-reactive protein & ferritin were discovered in laboratory tests. Chest X-ray & CT scan identified a massive left sided pleural effusion. © The Electrochemical Society

Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on tuerculosis

Covid19 is the most dreaded pandemic of the century causing wide spread and on the other hand Tuberculosis is an age old disease killing billions. Tuberculosis is an air borne infection while Covid spreads via droplet spread and through fomite as well. Tuberculosis and complications related to it may lead to increased mortality due to poor lung compliance. Moreover Tuberculosis control programmed may get affected due to the ongoing pandemic. To decrease the adverse outcome of Covid19 on Tb strict measures like proper social distancing, hand hygiene, compliance to Anti Tubercular drugs, domiciliary Tb care and strengthening immune system may prove important. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

Review on COVID-19 disease: Its outbreak and current status

Coronavirus (COVID-19) is diversely found in human beings and wild animals. It is an enveloped RNA virus. There are a total six species which cause disease in humans. They commonly infect respiratory, neurological, enteric, and hepatic systems. There is history of endemic outbreaks in past in the form of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERSCoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome related coronavirus (SARS-CoV).We have seen another outbreak due to a new strain called the SARS-CoV-2 virus which presented as a pneumonia of unknown etiology in patients in Wuhan, China. The epicenter of infection was linked to seafood and exotic animal wholesale markets in the city. It is highly contagious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic of COVID-19. As the number of cases continue to rise, it is clear that these viruses pose a threat to public health. This review will describe clinical features and treatment of COVID-19 patients and raise awareness among healthcare workers and general population during the current pandemic. This review article aims at giving up-to-date information about the disease and counselling of patients. © 2020, Institute of Medico-Legal Publications. All rights reserved.

Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on tuerculosis

Covid19 or SARS COV 2 is the most dreaded pandemic of the century, causing widespread mortality and morbidity. On the other hand, tuberculosis is an age-old disease killing billions around the globe every year. Both the diseases have caused a significant loss of human lives along with socio-economic constraints. While SARS Cov 2 is a very new disease, tuberculosis is known to humanity for thousands of years. Tuberculosis is an airborne infection while Covid spreads via droplet spread and through fomite as well. Tuberculosis and complications related to it may lead to increased mortality due to poor lung compliance. Moreover, Tuberculosis control programmed may get affected due to the ongoing pandemic. To decrease the adverse outcome of Covid19 on Tb strict measures like proper social distancing, hand hygiene, compliance to Anti Tubercular drugs, domiciliary Tb care and strengthening immune system may prove important. Measures like the use of masks, proper cough hygiene and repeated washing of hands may play a role in decreasing the spread of tuberculosis as well and might also play a role in the elimination of tuberculo-sis. The article also highlights the measures taken in a rural hospital in central India for the management of COVID 19 and Tuberculosis and the possible dif-ficulties faced in the management of tuberculosis during the Covid pandemic.